John H. Zammito - Médecin-philosoph: Persona for Radical Enlightenment
In 1772 Ernst Platner published Anthropologie für Ärzte und Weltweise. I want to consider how that combination of “physicians” and “philosophers” got into his title by recovering a peculiar mode of philosophical self-presentation that became crucial in Europe in the middle of the 18th century, the médecin-philosoph. I will connect the idea with the “paradigm shift” to “vital materialism” in French life science around mid-century in the works of Buffon, Maupertuis, La Mettrie and Diderot, stressing how the last two figures, in particular, took up the stance of the médecin-philosoph. I will then show how a parallel tradition took shape in Germany, culminating in Platner’s book.John H. Zammito (Rice University): Médecin-philosoph: Persona for Radical Enlightenment
Roberto Palaia - Ernst Platner avversario della Filosofia critica (1985)
Ernst Platner avversario della Filosofia critica
- Autores: R. Palaia
- Localización: Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres, ISSN 0392-2332, Nº 1, 1985 , pags. 7-26
Research Project on Romantic Anthropology
Today, the word "anthropology" means either the philosophical consideration of mankind and its special position in nature or the ethnological study of early cultures. These two definitions are only partly compatible with the way that this term was used during the Enlightenment and the Romantic period.
It is no coincidence that anthropology has its roots in the Renaissance - it is a discipline which is firmly grounded in the modern era, no longer drawing on metaphysics but instead looking to the here and now of human existence, combining philosophical ambitions with physiological and psychological questions. Thus, from its beginnings on, anthropology looked at issues which today would be considered medical, psychological, or philosophical as well as anthropological in the modern sense.
This interest in the "whole man" allowed anthropology to become a fundamental discipline in the late Enlightenment, a period which dedicated itself to the empirical study of man. Deductive reasoning, based on the universally applicable truths of reason (for example Christian Wolff's rationalistic philosophy which was so central to the early Enlightenment in Germany), was replaced by inductive thinking in which the relationship between "body" and "soul" was examined through self observation and the collection of case studies.
Thus, the last third of the 18th century saw the publication of numerous anthropological monographs – the first and most famous being Ernst Platner's Anthropologie für Ärzte und Weltweise (1772) – and periodicals – for example the Magazin zur Erfahrungsseelenkunde (1783-93, pub. Karl Phillip Moritz). Even the novelists of the period were interested in the study of the "whole man", and considered their literary work as a part of the anthropological project; Karl Phillip Moritz's Anton Reiser, Wieland's Agathon, Goethe's Werther and Schiller's Räuber can all be included here.
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Ernst Platner: Anthropologie für Ärzte und Weltweise (1772)
Anthropologie für Aerzte und Weltweise. Leipzig 1772
Ernst Platner’s Anthropologie für Aerzte und Weltweise (1772) became the focus of a new intellectual fashion during the period of the late Enlightenment, where anthropology denotes a concept explaining the interaction of body and soul through physical influence. This theory was advocated by the so called ’philosophical doctors‘, who combined metaphysics with medicine. Platner, professor of both discip-lines in Leipzig, was the leading figure of the movement.
The imoprtance of Platner’s work within the intellectual history was recently rediscovered by several historians of both medicine and literature. Its innovative image of the human being can be found not only in the science of psychology, but also in the ’anthropological novel’, in autobiographical characterisations as well as in the ’natural theater‘ of Lessing’s time.
Only a few copies of Platner’s Anthropologie exist in library collections today. [source]
Kant - Théorie et pratique par J.M. Muglioni
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kant
Cet ouvrage de Jean-Michel Muglioni sur Théorie et pratique de Kant, anciennement publié dans la collection Profil d'une oeuvre chez Hatier, est repris ici grâce au soutien de Laurence Hansen-Løve, ancienne directrice de la collection.
Voici un opuscule peu connu de Kant, qui a ma connaissance, n'est publié en français que chez Vrin sous le titre Sur l'expression courante: il se peut que ce soit juste en théorie, mais en pratique cela ne vaut rien et dans l'ancienne édition Profil, chez Hatier, que nous reprenons ici. La présentation et les commentaires mais également la traduction originale sont Jean-Michel Muglioni, professeur en première supérieure au lycée Louis-le-grand à Paris.
Ce texte est l'occasion pour Kant d'aborder des thèmes par ailleurs présents dans son oeuvre, qui concernent la morale et la politique, mais sous l'angle du rapport entre la théorie et la pratique.
En un mot, contrairement à «l'expression courante: c'est bon en théorie, mais non en pratique», la théorie oriente l'action et lui donne sens. Kant prend ici «la défense de la raison et de la pensée comme principes de l'action humaine.»
kant - théorie et pratique
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Voici un opuscule peu connu de Kant, qui a ma connaissance, n'est publié en français que chez Vrin sous le titre Sur l'expression courante: il se peut que ce soit juste en théorie, mais en pratique cela ne vaut rien et dans l'ancienne édition Profil, chez Hatier, que nous reprenons ici. La présentation et les commentaires mais également la traduction originale sont Jean-Michel Muglioni, professeur en première supérieure au lycée Louis-le-grand à Paris.
Ce texte est l'occasion pour Kant d'aborder des thèmes par ailleurs présents dans son oeuvre, qui concernent la morale et la politique, mais sous l'angle du rapport entre la théorie et la pratique.
En un mot, contrairement à «l'expression courante: c'est bon en théorie, mais non en pratique», la théorie oriente l'action et lui donne sens. Kant prend ici «la défense de la raison et de la pensée comme principes de l'action humaine.»
kant - théorie et pratique
Philosophical Investigations/Philosophische Untersuchungen
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wittgenstein
Philosophical Investigations
Blackwell Publishers
1998-02
ISBN: 0631205691
272 pages PDF 21 MB
Blackwell Publishers
1998-02
ISBN: 0631205691
272 pages PDF 21 MB
The Philosophical Investigations of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) present his own distillation of two decades of intense work on the philosophies of mind, language and meaning.Wittgenstein's importance to philosophy has, paradoxically, been overstated and understated at the same time.It is overstated when individuals attach themselves to particular arguments and use them to justify dubious claims - and, I might add, this is what happens more often than not. Half understood, some of these arguments seem to carry a weight that they do not have, and muddy things up more than they help.But understood in its entirety, W.'s philosophy is the most powerful and innovative (and I would say, correct) philosophy in recent times.Enjoy this great book! Brought to you by SMIRK
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The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)
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ancient philosophy
The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)
Cambridge University Press
1999-07-01
ISBN: 0521446678
460 pages PDF 25,3 MB
The Western tradition of philosophy began in Greece with a cluster of thinkers often called the Presocratics, whose influence has been incalculable. All these thinkers are discussed in this volume both as individuals and collectively in chapters on rational theology, epistemology, psychology, rhetoric and relativism, justice, and poetics. Assuming no knowledge of Greek or prior knowledge of the subject, this volume provides new readers with the most convenient and accessible guide to early Greek philosophy available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of early Greek thought.Enjoy this great book! Brought to you by SMIRK
From Peirce to Skolem (Studies in the History and Philosophy of Mathematics)
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peirce
North Holland
2000-07-01
ISBN:044450334X
625 pages PDF 19 MB
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Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
Andy Clark
MIT Press
1998-01-09
ISBN: 0262531569
291 pages PDF 1,4 MB
In Being There, Andy Clark weaves these several threads into a pleasing whole and goes on to address foundational questions concerning the new tools and techniques needed to make sense of the emerging sciences of the embodied mind. Clark brings together ideas and techniques from robotics, neuroscience, infant psychology, and artificial intelligence. He addresses a broad range of adaptive behaviors, from cockroach locomotion to the role of linguistic artifacts in higher-level thought. Enjoy this great book! Brought to you by SMIRK
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
The Coherence of Kant's Transcendental Idealism
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kant
The Coherence of Kant's Transcendental Idealism
Publisher: Springer(2004-05-11)
ISBN-10: 1402025807
PDF 2.3 Mb 295 pages
This book presents a new interpretation of Kant’s theory of knowledge that emphasizes the coherence and plausibility of his doctrine of transcendental idealism. Many interpreters believe that Kant’s transcendental idealism is an incoherent theory. Some have attempted to respond to this charge. Yet, as the author demonstrates, the interpretations that seek to vindicate Kant’s theory continue to be committed to some claims that evoke the charge of incoherence. One type of claim which does so is connected to the contradictory notion of subjective necessity. The other type of claim is related to the supposition that knowledge of the reality of appearances entails knowledge of the reality of things in themselves. The interpretation presented in this book does not involve any of these claims. Part One of this book presents an analysis of Kant’s concept of a priori knowledge and of his response to skepticism about synthetic a priori knowledge that specifies the content of such knowledge without invoking the notion of subjective necessity. Part Two presents an account of the non-spatiotemporality of things in themselves that does not entail knowledge of the reality of things in themselves. Part Three presents a new interpretation of transcendental synthesis, the transcendental "I" and of the role of transcendental self-consciousness in synthetic a priori knowledge which emphasizes the originality of Kant’s account of self-knowledge and subjectivity. The arguments presented in this book relate Kant’s ideas to current debates in epistemology, metaphysics and the philosophy of mind in a way that underscores their invaluable relevance to present-day philosophical discourse.
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The Cambridge Companion to Descartes
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descartes
Descartes occupies a position of pivotal importance as one of the founding fathers of modern philosophy; he is, perhaps the most widely studied of all philosophers. In this authoritative collection an international team of leading scholars in Cartesian studies present the full range of Descartes’ extraordinary philosophical achievement. His life and the development of his thought, as well as the intellectual background to and reception of his work, are treated at length. At the core of the volume are a group of chapters on his metaphysics: the celebrated ‘Cogito’ argument, the proofs of God’s existence, the ‘Cartesian circle’ and the dualistic theory of the mind and its relation to his theological and scientific views. Other chapters cover the philosophical implications of his work in algebra, his place in the seventeenth-century scientific revolution, the structure of his physics, and his work on physiology and psychology.Read more...
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